Kotlin and Variance: Navigating Type Relationships

Demystifying Generics: A Comprehensive Exploration of Type Variance in Kotlin and its Practical Implications in Software Development

Photo by Ji Seongkwang on Unsplash

If you’ve worked with a programming language that supports generic types, you’ve likely encountered terms like invariance, covariance, and contravariance. At first glance, these terms can be intimidating. However, a deeper understanding of them allows for more efficient and flexible coding. While this article uses Kotlin for illustration, the core concepts resonate across several programming languages, including Scala, Java, C#, and Swift.

The Beverage Vending Machine

Let’s begin with a simple example: a beverage vending machine. It takes your payment and dispenses a drink. While basic, this example sets the stage for our deeper dive into variance. Some machines are designed to dispense soft drinks, while others are specifically built for coffee.


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Read and learn: Functional Kotlin articles & Application security & Camera Apps & Programming…

Read and learn: Functional Kotlin articles & Application security & Camera Apps & Programming nomenclature & OOP vs FP & open workshops 🔋


Read and learn: Functional Kotlin articles & Application security & Camera Apps & Programming… was originally published in Kt. Academy on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

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Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy 🎁

Hi there Code-lovers! 🎅

It’s been a really intense year, but we hope these Christmas days will be full of peace, joy and rest
… and something tasty, of course! 🤤


Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy🎁 was originally published in Kt. Academy on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Continue ReadingBest articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy 🎁

Hi there Code-lovers! 🎅

It’s been a really intense year, but we hope these Christmas days will be full of peace, joy and rest
… and something tasty, of course! 🤤


Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy🎁 was originally published in Kt. Academy on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Continue ReadingBest articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy 🎁

Hi there Code-lovers! 🎅

It’s been a really intense year, but we hope these Christmas days will be full of peace, joy and rest
… and something tasty, of course! 🤤


Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy🎁 was originally published in Kt. Academy on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Continue ReadingBest articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy 🎁

Hi there Code-lovers! 🎅

It’s been a really intense year, but we hope these Christmas days will be full of peace, joy and rest
… and something tasty, of course! 🤤


Best articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy🎁 was originally published in Kt. Academy on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Continue ReadingBest articles from 2021 by Marcin Moskala & Merry Xmas from Kt. Academy

Advent of Kotlin: Week 3

Hello Kotliners!

ℹ️ This is a special, 4-weeks edition of our newsletter. It will contain content with only one, special topic — Advent of Kotlin.

Welcome to the 3rd week of the

Advent of Kotlin 🎄

We hope that you are having fun so far!

Don’t forget to post your answers on Twitter 👉 @ktdotacademy. Only this way you can win some special prizes 🎁

Ready for the new challenge? Here you go! 👇

Advent of Kotlin Week 3: k-means clustering


Advent of Kotlin: Week 3 🔥 was originally published in Kt. Academy on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

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